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Members of an Important Family of Kings in England

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Family consisting of shut relatives of the monarch of the U.k.

The British regal family comprises Queen Elizabeth Ii and her close relations. There is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member, although the Royal Household has issued dissimilar lists outlining who is a part of the royal family unit.[1] [two] Many members represent the British monarchy and support the monarch in undertaking public engagements and often pursue charitable piece of work and interests. The royal family are regarded as British cultural icons.

Members [edit]

The monarchical head of country of the United Kingdom and fourteen other Republic realms is Queen Elizabeth II. She is the head of the royal family.[three] She has four children, eight grandchildren, and twelve bully-grandchildren.[4] [5] The Lord Chamberlain'south "List of the Imperial Family unit" mentions all of George Half-dozen's descendants and their spouses (including Sarah, Duchess of York, who is divorced), along with the Queen's cousins with imperial rank and their spouses.[half dozen] The Lord Chamberlain's list applies for the purposes of regulating the use of royal symbols and images of the family.[7] Meanwhile, the website of the regal family provides a listing of "Members of the Royal Family"; those listed correspond to the royal family unit members mentioned and pictured below, with the exception of Princess Beatrice, Princess Eugenie, and the Duchess of Kent.[eight] The royal family's guidelines on greeting a fellow member of the majestic family unit say they should first exist greeted with "Your Royal Highness".[9] The condition of Royal Highness is restricted to children of a monarch, male person-line grandchildren of a monarch, the children of the eldest child of the Prince of Wales, and their wives.

  • The core of the royal family is fabricated up of Queen Elizabeth II; Charles, Prince of Wales; Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Prince William, Knuckles of Cambridge; Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex; and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. They acquit out royal duties full-fourth dimension.[10]
  • Lower profile relatives who perform some duties are Prince Edward, Duke of Kent; Princess Alexandra; Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester; and Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester.[x]
  • Other members of the royal family with majestic rank who practice not acquit out official duties are Prince Andrew, Duke of York; Prince Harry, Knuckles of Sussex; Meghan, Duchess of Sussex; Princess Beatrice; Princess Eugenie; Katharine, Duchess of Kent; and Prince and Princess Michael of Kent.[10]

Current British royal family unit tree
King George V
†		 Queen Mary
†
King George Half dozen
†		 Queen Elizabeth
†		 Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
†		 Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
†		 Prince George, Duke of Kent
†		 Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent
†
Prince Philip, Knuckles of Edinburgh
†		 The Queen Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
†		 Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
†		 The Knuckles of Gloucester
(31)		 The Duchess of Gloucester The Knuckles of Kent
(41)		 The Duchess of Kent Sir Angus Ogilvy
†		 Princess Alexandra
(57)		 Prince Michael of Kent
(52)		 Princess Michael of Kent
Diana, Princess of Wales
†		 The Prince of Wales
(i)		 The Duchess of Cornwall Marking Phillips The Princess Majestic
(17)		 Sir Timothy Laurence The Duke of York
(9)		 Sarah, Duchess of York The Earl of Wessex
(14)		 The Countess of Wessex The Earl of Snowdon
(25)		 The Countess of Snowdon Daniel Chatto Lady Sarah Chatto
(28)
The Duke of Cambridge
(2)		 The Duchess of Cambridge The Duke of Sussex
(6)		 The Duchess of Sussex Peter Phillips
(18)		 Autumn Phillips Zara Tindall
(21)		 Michael Tindall Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi Princess Beatrice
(10)		 Jack Brooksbank Princess Eugenie
(12)		 Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor
(16)		 Viscount Severn
(15)		 Viscount Linley
(26)		 Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones
(27)		 Samuel Chatto
(29)		 Arthur Chatto
(30)
Prince George of Cambridge
(3)		 Princess Charlotte of Cambridge
(iv)		 Prince Louis of Cambridge (5) Archie Mountbatten-Windsor
(7)		 Lilibet Mountbatten-Windsor
(8)		 Savannah Phillips
(nineteen)		 Isla Phillips
(20)		 Mia Tindall
(22)		 Lena Tindall
(23)		 Lucas Tindall
(24)		 Sienna Mapelli Mozzi
(11)		 August Brooksbank
(thirteen)

Notes

  • Numbers in brackets betoken places in the line of succession.[11] [12] [xiii]
  • Boxes bespeak living individuals with royal titles and styles.
  • Purple indicates living individuals listed or described as members of the royal family on the official website.[14]
  • Boldface indicates living individuals listed as members of the royal family in Lord Chamberlain'southward Diamond Jubilee Guidelines in 2012,[fifteen]
  • Italics betoken individuals born or married into the family unit after the Diamond Jubilee.
  • Dashed lines indicate married couples, dotted lines divorced couples.[12]
  • Dagger (†) indicates deceased individuals.

Titles and surnames [edit]

Marriage document of Elizabeth Windsor and Philip Mountbatten, signed by members of the royal family

The monarch's children and patrilineal grandchildren, and the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, are automatically entitled to exist known as prince or princess with the style His or Her Royal Highness (HRH).[16] Regal peerages, often dukedoms, are bestowed upon most princes prior to marriage.[17] [18] Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall, children of the Queen's daughter, Princess Anne, are therefore not prince and princess. Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor and James Mountbatten-Windsor, Viscount Severn, though entitled to the dignity, are not chosen prince and princess because their parents, the Earl and Countess of Wessex, wanted them to have more modest titles.[16] Prince Charles reportedly wishes to reduce the number of titled members of the royal family when he becomes rex.[19]

Per tradition, wives of male members of the regal family unit share their husbands' title and style.[twenty] Princesses by marriage practice not take the championship prefixed to their own proper noun[sixteen] but to their husband'due south; for example, the married woman of Prince Michael of Kent is Princess Michael of Kent.[20] Sons of monarchs are customarily given dukedoms upon union, and these peerage titles pass to their eldest sons.[20]

Male-line descendants of Male monarch George V, including women until they ally, deport the surname Windsor. The surname of the male-line descendants of Queen Elizabeth II, except for women who ally, is Mountbatten-Windsor, reflecting the proper name taken by her Greek-born husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, upon his naturalisation. A surname is generally not needed by members of the majestic family who are entitled to the titles of prince or princess and the way His or Her Royal Highness. Such individuals use surnames on official documents such as wedlock registers.[21]

Public role [edit]

Official duties are undertaken on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II by her children and their spouses, grandchildren and their spouses, and cousins and their spouses. Among her cousins, but the children of King George Five's sons carry out royal engagements. The family support the Queen in her state and national duties, with the exception of constitutional functions.[22] [23] If the sovereign is indisposed, ii Counsellors of Country are required to fulfil her part, of which Prince Charles, Prince William, Prince Harry, and Prince Andrew can serve.[23]

Each year the family "carries out over ii,000 official engagements throughout the UK and worldwide", entertaining 70,000 guests and answering 100,000 letters.[22] [24] Engagements include state funerals, national festivities, garden parties, receptions, and visits to the Military machine.[22] Many members take served in the Armed Forces themselves, including the Queen'southward sons and grandsons.[25] [24] Engagements are recorded in the Court Circular, a list of daily appointments and events attended by the royal family unit.[26] Public appearances are often accompanied by walkabouts, where royals greet and converse with members of the public exterior events.[27]

Almanac events attended by the majestic family include the State Opening of Parliament, Trooping the Colour, and the National Service of Remembrance.[23] According to historian Robert Lacey, the Queen has said that investitures of the honours recipients are the about important matter she does.[28] Prince William, Prince Charles, and Princess Anne also perform investitures.[29] [23] Family members represent the Queen on official visits and tours to other countries equally ambassadors to foster diplomatic relations.[25] [24] [30] They have also attended Republic meetings on the monarch's behalf.[23] The royal family also participates in state visits on the communication of the Foreign and Commonwealth Part, which includes the welcoming of dignitaries and a formal banquet.[31] Journalist James Forsyth has referred to the family equally "soft ability assets".[32]

Given the regal family's public role and activities, it is sometimes referred to by courtiers equally "The Firm", a term that originated with George VI.[33] [34] Members of the royal family are politically and commercially, avoiding conflict of interest with their public roles.[35] The majestic family are considered British cultural icons, with young adults from abroad naming the family unit among a group of people who they about associated with British civilization.[36] Members are expected to promote British industry.[37] Royals are oftentimes members of the Church of England, headed by the monarch, and have previously served equally Lord High Commissioner to the Church building of Scotland.[38] [39]

Members of the purple family are patrons for approximately 3,000 charities,[24] and have also started their ain nonprofit organisations.[25] Prince Charles started The Prince'south Trust, which helps young people in the UK that are disadvantaged.[forty] Princess Anne started The Princess Royal Trust for Carers, which helps unpaid carers, giving them emotional support and information nearly benefit claims and inability aids.[41] The Earl and Countess of Wessex founded the Wessex Youth Trust, since renamed The Earl and Countess of Wessex Charitable Trust, in 1999.[42] The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge are founding patrons of The Royal Foundation, whose projects revolve effectually mental health, conservation, the early years, and emergency responders.[43]

In 2019, post-obit the negative reactions to the "Prince Andrew & the Epstein Scandal" interview, the Knuckles of York was forced to resign from public roles; the retirement became permanent in 2020.[44] The Duke and Duchess of Sussex permanently withdrew from purple duties in early 2020.[45] Post-obit these departures, there is a shortage of royal family members to embrace the increasing number of patronages and engagements.[10]

Media and criticism [edit]

Royal biographer Penny Junor says that the royal family has presented itself "as the model family" since the 1930s.[10] Author Edward Owen wrote that during World War 2, the monarchy sought an prototype of a "more breezy and vulnerable family" that had a unifying effect on the nation during instability.[46] In 1992, the Princess Royal and her husband Mark Phillips divorced; the Prince and Princess of Wales separated; a biography detailing the Princess's bulimia and cocky-harming was published; her private telephone conversations surfaced, as did the Prince'due south intimate telephone conversations with his lover, Camilla Parker Bowles; the Duke and Duchess of York separated; and photographs of the topless Duchess having her toes sucked past another human appeared in tabloids. Historian Robert Lacey said that this "put paid to whatever claim to being a model of family life". The scandals contributed to the public's unwillingness to pay for the repairs of the Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire. A farther "PR disaster" was the royal family'southward initial response to the expiry of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1997.[28]

In the 1990s, the purple family formed the Fashion Ahead Group, fabricated upward of senior family members and advisers and headed by the Queen, in a quest to modify in accordance with public opinion.[28] [47] The 2011 wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton led to a "tide of goodwill", and by the Queen's Diamond Jubilee in 2012 the purple family's image had recovered.[28] A 2019 YouGov poll showed that two-thirds of British people were in favour of maintaining the royal family.[48] The role and public relations of the extended regal family again came under increased scrutiny due to the Duke of York's friendship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein and allegations of sexual corruption, along with his unapologetic conduct in the 2019 interview most these subjects and subsequent 2021 lawsuit.[49] [50] [51]

In a 2021 interview, the Duchess of Sussex, who is of biracial heritage, alleged with her husband that a member of the royal family had expressed business organisation near the skin colour of their son, Archie Mountbatten-Windsor.[52] The interview received a mixed reaction from the British public and media, and several of their claims were chosen into question.[53] [54] The Knuckles of Cambridge said the royal family were "very much non a racist family". In June 2021, documents revealed that "coloured immigrants or foreigners" were banned by the Queen'southward main fiscal manager at the time from working for the family unit as clerks in the 1960s, prompting black studies professor Kehinde Andrews to country that "the royal family has a terrible record on race".[52] In response, the palace stated that it complied "in principle and in practise" with anti-bigotry legislation, and that second-paw claims of "conversations from over 50 years ago should not exist used to draw or infer conclusions about modern-day events or operations."[55]

Historically, the royal family unit and the media have benefited from each other; the family used the press to communicate with the public, while the media used the family to concenter readers and viewers.[56] With the advent of idiot box, however, the media started paying less respect to the royal family'due south privacy.[28] Princes William and Harry have had informal arrangements with the press whereby they would be left alone by the paparazzi during their education in return for invitations to staged photograph opportunities. William has continued the practice with his family unit posts on Instagram. Relations between the media and British royals accept been destabilized by the ascension of the digital media, with the quantity of articles becoming paramount toward gaining ad revenue, with neither side able to exercise control.[56] A 2021 BBC documentary suggested that briefings and counter-briefings from unlike royal households was the reason behind the negative coverage about members of the royal family. Buckingham Palace, Clarence House and Kensington Palace, which correspond the Queen, the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge respectively, described these suggestions every bit "overblown and unfounded claims".[57]

Funding [edit]

The Duchess of Cambridge, escorted past security officers, meets with Sir Michael Dixon

Senior members of the royal family, who represent the monarch, draw their income from public funds known as the sovereign grant.[three] The sovereign grant is an almanac payment of the British government to the monarch. It comes from the revenues of the Crown Estate, which are commercial backdrop endemic past the Crown.[4] Members of the royal family who receive money from the sovereign grant must be accountable to the public for it and are non allowed to brand money from their proper name.[3]

The security of the royal family is non paid from the sovereign grant but is usually met instead by the Metropolitan Police.[58] The regal family, the Home Office, and the Metropolitan Police force decide which members have a right to taxpayer-funded police security. Extended members do not retain automatic right to protection; in 2011, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie ceased receiving police security.[nineteen] [59]

Residences [edit]

The monarch'south official residence in London is Buckingham Palace.[4] Announcements of the births and deaths of members of the royal family unit are traditionally attached to its front end railings.[60] The Queen tends to spend weekends at Windsor Castle.[4] The Queen'south Scottish residence is the Palace of Holyroodhouse, where she resides at the beginning of each summer.[61] While in Northern Ireland, Hillsborough Castle serves as a residence for members of the regal family.[61]

The Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall'due south official residence is Clarence Business firm.[4] Another London residence of the Prince of Wales is St James's Palace, which he shares with the Princess Majestic and Princess Alexandra.[62] Princess Alexandra as well resides at Thatched House Order in Richmond.[63] The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester have their residences and offices at apartments in Kensington Palace, London.[64] [65] The Duke and Duchess of Kent reside in Wren House on the palace grounds.[66] The Duke of York and his family live at Royal Lodge in Windsor Cracking Park, while the Earl and Countess of Wessex reside at Bagshot Park in Surrey.[67] [68]

See also [edit]

  • Majestic descent
  • Military service by British royalty
  • Instruction of the British royal family
  • List of honours of the British royal family by country
  • List of longest-living members of the British royal family

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Royal Family". royal.gov.u.k.. Archived from the original on eleven December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  2. ^ "List of the Majestic Family" (PDF). regal.gov.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Guy, Jack; Foster, Max; Said-Moorhouse, Lauren (four June 2021). "The Firm: Britain's royal 'institution' explained". CNN. Retrieved iii August 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d east "UK Royal Family unit: Who is in it and how does information technology work?". BBC. 9 April 2021. Retrieved iii August 2020.
  5. ^ "Her Majesty The Queen - Marriage and Family unit". The Royal Family unit. Retrieved iii August 2020.
  6. ^ "Listing of the Purple Family" (PDF). royal.gov.britain. Archived (PDF) from the original on fifteen August 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Utilize of Royal Arms, Names and Images". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved eleven December 2021.
  8. ^ "Imperial Family unit". royal.gov.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland. Archived from the original on xi December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  9. ^ "Greeting a Member of the Royal Family". majestic.gov.united kingdom. Archived from the original on thirteen Dec 2021. Retrieved 13 Dec 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d eastward Davies, Caroline (21 April 2021). "Sophie and Edward: what cardinal role after expiry of Prince Philip could mean". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Succession". royal.uk . Retrieved 4 Baronial 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Who's who in the House of Windsor: Queen Elizabeth 2's line of succession". CNN. 7 June 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  13. ^ "The Line Of Succession". www.debretts.com . Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  14. ^ "The Royal Family". majestic.great britain . Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  15. ^ "Lord Chamberlain'southward Diamond Jubilee Guidelines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013.
  16. ^ a b c Boyle, Christina (10 May 2019). "Archie, the newest British royal family member, has no title. Here'due south why (we recall)". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  17. ^ Abraham, Ellie. "How Do British Royals Get Their Titles?". The Independent . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  18. ^ Abrams, Maragret. "What is a knuckles? And how is the title unlike from a prince?". Evening Standard . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  19. ^ a b Davies, Caroline (eight March 2021). "Was Meghan'due south son Archie denied the title 'prince' because he'due south mixed race?". The Guardian. Retrieved four August 2020.
  20. ^ a b c "FAQs - Prince Michael of Kent". www.princemichael.org.uk . Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  21. ^ "The Purple Family name". The Purple Family . Retrieved thirty June 2019.
  22. ^ a b c "The role of the Royal Family". The Majestic Family unit. 23 March 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  23. ^ a b c d e Davies, Caroline (29 October 2021). "The royal nosotros: subtle transition equally ageing Queen devolves more duties". The Guardian. Retrieved fifteen November 2021.
  24. ^ a b c d Praderio, Caroline. "Here'southward What The Purple Family Actually Does Every Day". The Independent . Retrieved xv Nov 2021.
  25. ^ a b c "UK Imperial Family: Who is in it and how does information technology work?". BBC. 9 April 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  26. ^ Said-Moorhouse, Laure. "The Queen returns to royal duties following Prince Philip'southward death". CNN . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  27. ^ Lam, Katherine. "Queen Elizabeth'south daughter Princess Anne explains why she doesn't shake fans' hands". Play a joke on News . Retrieved fifteen November 2021.
  28. ^ a b c d eastward Davies, Caroline (24 May 2012). "How the majestic family bounced back from its 'annus horribilis'". The Guardian. Retrieved iv August 2021.
  29. ^ "Investitures". The Royal Family unit. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  30. ^ "Regal affairs to play primal role in life afterward Brexit". ITV News . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  31. ^ "State Visits". The Imperial Family unit . Retrieved xv November 2021.
  32. ^ Forsyth, James (xiii August 2021). "Britain needs the imperial family more than than ever". The Times. Retrieved xv November 2021.
  33. ^ O'Gara, Eilish (12 June 2015). "Financing the firm: how the royal family make their money". Newsweek . Retrieved thirteen January 2020.
  34. ^ Culbertson, Alix. "Harry and Meghan: What is 'the firm' and how does the Royal Family work?". Sky News . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  35. ^ Jack Guy, Max Foster and Lauren Said-Moorhouse (4 June 2021). "The Firm: Britain's royal 'institution' explained". CNN. Retrieved xv Nov 2021.
  36. ^ "Culture, attraction and soft power" (PDF). British Council. 12 December 2016.
  37. ^ Baker, Lindsey. "How regal women take shaped fashion". BBC . Retrieved xv November 2021.
  38. ^ Booth, William. "How the Church of England has shifted on divorce, from Henry VIII to Meghan Markle". Washington Postal service. Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  39. ^ "The Queen, the Church building and other faiths". The Imperial Family . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  40. ^ "Our history | The Prince's Trust". www.princes-trust.org.britain . Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  41. ^ A"Groundwork – The Princess Imperial Trust For Carers – Hampshire Carer Center". carercentre.com. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  42. ^ "The Earl and Countess of Wessex Charitable Trust". Charity Commission for England and Wales . Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  43. ^ "Our Piece of work". The Majestic Foundation . Retrieved 11 Dec 2020.
  44. ^ Nikkhah, Roya (21 May 2020). "Prince Andrew didn't think information technology was all over, but it is now". The Times . Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  45. ^ "Harry and Meghan non returning every bit working members of Royal Family". BBC. 19 Feb 2021. Retrieved 19 Feb 2021.
  46. ^ "Meghan'south Use Of "The Business firm" Could Be A Reference To Diana's 1995 Interview". Hurry . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  47. ^ Reynolds, Paul. "Royal Family's changing guard". BBC. Retrieved five Baronial 2021.
  48. ^ Anthony, Andrew (xiv March 2021). "The monarchy: so what are they for?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 Jan 2020.
  49. ^ Williamson, Harriet (4 September 2020). "Why Practise Royals Get Away With So Much?". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 6 Baronial 2021.
  50. ^ Haynes, Suyin (21 November 2019). "Prince Andrew Faced Questions About Jeffrey Epstein for Years. Here's Why the Royal Family unit Finally Reacted". Foreign Policy. Retrieved half dozen August 2021.
  51. ^ Max Foster, Lauren Said-Moorehouse. "The civil suit against Prince Andrew has wider implications for the British royal family unit". CNN . Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  52. ^ a b McGee, Luke (three June 2021). "Britain's royals have denied beingness a racist family. Archived papers reveal recent racist past". CNN. Retrieved six August 2021.
  53. ^ "Meghan and Harry's Oprah interview revealed cultural divide between U.K. and America". NBC News.
  54. ^ "Meghan and Harry'south interview with Oprah draws mixed reaction in Great britain". CBS News . Retrieved 25 Baronial 2021.
  55. ^ Kirka, Danica (three June 2021). "Buckingham Palace barred nonwhites from office jobs in the 1960s, written report says". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 29 Baronial 2021.
  56. ^ a b Taylor, Alex (11 March 2021). "Harry and Meghan: What's the media's 'invisible contract' with British royalty?". CNN. Retrieved six August 2021.
  57. ^ Lee, Dulcie; Coughlan, Sean (23 November 2021). "The Princes and the Press: BBC responds to claims confronting documentary". BBC . Retrieved 23 Nov 2021.
  58. ^ Edgington, Tom (24 June 2021). "Royal finances: Where does the Queen become her money?". BBC. Retrieved three Baronial 2020.
  59. ^ Pavia, Lucy. "Why did Harry and Meghan appear to reference Beatrice and Eugenie in Sussex Purple website statement?". Standard . Retrieved six September 2021.
  60. ^ "Royal Residences: Buckingham Palace". The Majestic Family unit. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  61. ^ "Majestic Residences: St James's Palace". The Regal Family. Retrieved 3 Baronial 2020.
  62. ^ "Royal love nests". The Telegraph . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  63. ^ "Imperial Residences: Kensington Palace". The Regal Family. Retrieved 3 Baronial 2020.
  64. ^ Taylor, Elise. "Within Kensington Palace Flat 1A, Prince William and Kate Middleton's London Home". Vogue . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.
  65. ^ "Run across Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's new neighbours - the royals who live in Kensington Palace". The Independent . Retrieved fifteen November 2021.
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  67. ^ "Trespass arrests at Prince Andrew's Windsor home". BBC . Retrieved 15 Nov 2021.

Further reading [edit]

  • Burke's Guide to the Purple Family unit. Burke's Peerage, 1973.
  • Cannon, John Ashton. The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy. Oxford Academy Press, 1988.
  • Churchill, Randolph Due south. They Serve the Queen: A New and Authoritative Account of the Royal Household. ("Prepared for Coronation Yr") Hutchinson, 1953.
  • Fraser, Antonia (ed). The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England. Revised & updated edition. University of California Press, 1998.
  • Hayden, Ilse. Symbol and Privilege: The Ritual Context of British Royalty. University of Arizona Press, 1987.
  • Longford, Elizabeth Harman (Countess of Longford). The Royal Firm of Windsor. Revised edition. Crown, 1984.
  • Weir, Alison. Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Pimlico/Random House, 2002.
  • Regal Family (1969) is a celebrated and reverential BBC documentary made by Richard Cawston to back-trail the investiture of the current Prince of Wales. The documentary is frequently held responsible for the greater press intrusion into the royal family's private life since its first broadcast.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • "House of Windsor Family unit Tree" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 Dec 2010. (74.two KB)

garlickithis1940.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_royal_family

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